The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Till the middle of 19th century Europe was divided into many monarchical absolutist states with diverse people speaking different languages and belonging to different racial and ethnic groups. There was no collective identity among them.

A common allegiance to the ruler was the only binding force.

Nineteenth century, however, saw the emergence of nationalism as a new force which brought about sweeping changes in political and mental world of Europe. This resulted in the cowering of nation-states in place of multinational dynastic empires. The concept of a modern state with a defined territory, with ruler and citizens sharing common bonds and history, became popular. This was possible only through a process of action struggle, and efforts of leaders and common people.